Regulation and processing of the stress are the important roles of the prefrontal cortex. During exposing to stress, various regions of the prefrontal cortex will be activated like lateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Amygdala responses to the stress as a natural mechanism but long-term stimulation of the amygdala leads to its dysfunction and consequently prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Due to the inverse relationship between prefrontal cortex and amygdala, increasing in the activity of the prefrontal cortex leads to reduced activity of the amygdala. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis would be modulated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in stress. During negative…

The opioid peptides Methionine enkephalin and β-Endorphin are stimulators of Natural Killer cytolytic activity. To know the biochemical mechanisms that explain this action, the binding of Methionine enkephalin and Naloxone in presence or ausence of Na+ ion and GTP to human Lymphocyte membranes was characterized.

Methionine enkephalin or β-Endorphin in concentrations greater than physiological concentrations delivers stimulations of the order of 25% on the respective control value. For the receptors, a binding assay of the radioligands (3H)-Methionine enkephalin and (3H)-Naloxone was used, with the Scatchard analysis finding only one type of binding site in each case, with KD values of…

HbF represents the main hemoglobin fraction during fetal life. After birth, the synthesis of HbF decreases gradually and is replaced by HbA so that HbF levels are less than 2% in adults. During adulthood, HbF may be slightly or significantly elevated because of pathological or nonpathological causes such as HPFH. This status is caused either by fetal globin gene promoter variants or large deletions affecting the human fetal globin genes. In thalassemia, an increase in HbF is linked to β-thalassemia major, δβ-thalassemia or thalassemia intermedia and improves the clinical picture as γ globin chains compensate for the lack of functional…

A study was conducted at different locations of Multan from March 2016 to April 2017 in which 4 IPM modules were devised for mango in comparison with the control, with the focus of pesticides residues mitigation and maximum yield. Pesticides residues mitigation module (PRMM) were based on the IPM tactics to suppress pest population with no or minimum use insecticides. Each module was applied in an area of 1 acre of mango orchard and pest population was monitored before and after the application of the modules. After the season of the mango was completed the yield was compared of all…

In 2018, an Australian veterinary scientist asked the question, “Does Veterinary Science have a future in Australia [1]? The discipline of veterinary science has a relatively short history in Australia, and it was not until the 20th century that university veterinary education began. Four university veterinary schools were established in the 20th century (1909, 1910, 1936 and 1974), and during the 21st century, three new schools were added (2005, 2006 and 2008). Today, Australia has more veterinary schools per capita than any other western nation. Australia’s veterinarians serve in private practice, government, academia and industry. Initially, veterinary scientists devoted their…

Objective: This study aims to classification of salivary gland diseases among Yemenis to established data base, determine the common disease, common site and the relation of these disease to the age and gender.

Material and Methods: The present study designed as a prospective descriptive hospital –based study carried out at Al-gomhori –Teaching Hospital in Sana’a. All patients attending to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and to the consultant unit of the head and neck surgery complain of salivary gland disease were examination. Data were collected from patient history (using a questionnaire form), clinical examination of patients, radiographs examination…

More than 100 years ago, scientists were interested in the capabilities of the brain and tried to understand whether it is possible to somehow influence it. In 1875, English doctor Richard Caton managed to register a weak electric field on the surface of the brain of rabbits and monkeys. Then there was a lot of discovery and research, but only in 1950, José Manuel Rodríguez Delgado, a professor of physiology at Yale University, invented the device, which could be implanted in the brain and controlled by radio signals. Thus, began the era of neural interfaces and technologies capable of enhancing…

Background and aim: Undergraduate nursing curricula often offer basic science courses during the first academic year of the degree program. These include Gross Anatomy, Embryology, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Biochemistry, and Microbiology. They are often given as separate courses, thus lacking horizontal and vertical integration with major nursing courses, such as medical-surgical nursing, critical care nursing, pediatric nursing, maternal nursing, recovery nursing, emergency nursing, operating room nursing, and geriatric nursing. This study aims to survey undergraduate nursing curricula in Lebanon about the integration of basic science courses.

Materials and methods: We conducted two separate comprehensive PubMed and Medline searches using the following…